In a Series of Experiments, Steele and Aronson (1995) Had

question 145

Multiple Choice

In a series of experiments, Steele and Aronson (1995) had both African-American and white students at Stanford University take a verbal test.In one condition, the test was described as a valid measure of intelligence, and in the other condition, the test was described as neither a reliable nor valid measure of intelligence.In the former condition, African Americans performed more poorly than did white students because

• A) African American students were overwhelmed by a fear of success.
• B) African American students experienced stereotype threat.
• C) White students were determined that African American students would not "outscore" them.
• D) African American students shared the cultural stereotype.

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Definitions:

Behavioral Self-Monitoring

A self-help technique involving the systematic observation and recording of one's own behaviors and responses in order to modify or change undesirable behaviors.

Counterconditioning

A behavior therapy technique that involves replacing an unwanted or negative response to a stimulus with a positive one.

Skills Training

A process of teaching specific abilities or techniques to improve performance or competence in a particular area.

Skills Training

Educational programs or activities aimed at teaching specific practical skills.