In a Certain Study,different Interviewers Are Used in a Pretest

question 37

Multiple Choice

In a certain study,different interviewers are used in a pretest from those used in the posttest and this produces different results in the study.This is an example of a(n) ____.

• A)history effect
• B)mortality effect
• C)instrumentation effect
• D)cohort effect

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Definitions:

Confirmation Error

A cognitive bias involving the tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one's preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.

Representativeness Bias

A cognitive bias where individuals make judgments about the probability of an event based on how much it resembles their existing stereotypes.

Escalating Commitment

The phenomenon where people increase their investment or involvement in a decision or action despite facing negative feedback or outcomes.

Confirmation Error

A cognitive bias that involves focusing on information or evidence that confirms pre-existing beliefs or hypotheses, while ignoring contradictory data.