Who Formulates the Overall Strategic Direction for an Organization

question 82

Multiple Choice

Who formulates the overall strategic direction for an organization?

• A) external planning consultants
• B) middle managers
• C) senior managers
• D) the media
• E) stock holders

Recognize nonresponse bias and its effect on survey outcomes.

Distinguish when undercoverage can lead to biased survey results.

Understand how response bias modifies survey feedback.

Evaluate methodologies for data collection and their susceptibility to biases.

---

Definitions:

Self-reports

A method of gathering data where individuals directly report their own experiences, behaviors, or attitudes.

Independent View

An outlook focusing on the importance of personal self-sufficiency, personal achievements, and the uniqueness of the individual.

Personal Goals

Individual objectives or desires that a person aims to achieve or accomplish over a period.

Social Duties

Obligations or responsibilities expected by society from its members, such as obeying laws and being a responsible citizen.