Which of the Following Is True with Respect to the Overjustification

question 19

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is true with respect to the overjustification effect?

• A) Fortunately, most parents intuitively recognize circumstances involving their children in which the overjustification effect is apt to occur.
• B) Helping students to focus on the importance of achieving good grades tends to undermine the overjustification effect.
• C) Hennessey and Zbikowski (1993) effectively immunized fourth graders against the overjustification effect by having older role models come to their classes to speak with them about the joy of learning.
• D) Tang and Hall (1995) found that contingent reward (reward given only for good performance) can mitigate the overjustification effect.

---

Definitions:

Reliability

The degree to which the result of a measurement, calculation, or specification can be depended on to be accurate across different instances.

Consistently Performed

Actions or behaviors that are carried out regularly and without significant variation, indicating reliability or stability in performance.

Descriptive Statistics

Mathematical procedures that allow a researcher to characterize a data pattern; these procedures include measures of central tendency and of variability.

Demand Characteristics

Cues in an experimental environment that suggest to participants what behavior is expected or desired by the researcher.