Use the Following Information When Answering the Corresponding Question(s)

question 10

Multiple Choice

Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s) .
In 1983 a population of dark-eyed junco birds became established on the campus of the University of California,San Diego (UCSD) ,which is located many miles from the junco's normal habitat in the mixed-coniferous temperate forests in the mountains.Juncos have white outer tail feathers that the males display during aggressive interactions and during courtship displays.Males with more white in their tail are more likely to win aggressive interactions,and females prefer to mate with males with more white in their tails.Females have less white in their tails than do males,and display it less often.(Pamela J.Yeh.2004.Rapid evolution of a sexually selected trait following population establishment in a novel habitat.Evolution 58[1]:166-74. )
-Refer to the paragraph on dark-eyed junco birds.The UCSD campus male junco population tails were,on average,36% white,whereas the tails of males from nearby mountain populations averaged 40-45% white.If this observed trait difference were due to a difference in the original colonizing population,it would most likely be due to _____.

• A)mutations in the UCSD population
• B)sexual selection
• C)gene flow between populations
• D)a genetic bottleneck
• E)a founder effect

---

Definitions:

Overhead Rate

A ratio used to allocate indirect costs to products or services, calculated by dividing total overhead costs by an allocation base, such as direct labor hours.

Direct Labor Cost

The total expense of employing workers who are directly involved in the production of goods, including wages and salaries.

Machine-hours

A measure of the total run time of machines in the manufacturing process, often used for costing purposes.

Overapplied Overhead

Overapplied overhead occurs when the allocated manufacturing overhead costs in an accounting period are less than the actual overhead costs incurred.