Use the Following Information When Answering the Corresponding Question(s)

question 18

Multiple Choice

Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s) .
Suzanne Simard and colleagues knew that the same mycorrhizal fungal species could colonize multiple types of trees.They wondered if the same fungal individual would colonize different trees,forming an underground network that potentially could transport carbon and nutrients from one tree to another (S.Simard et al.1997.Net transfer of carbon between mycorrhizal tree species in the field.Nature 388:579-82) .Figure 31.2 illustrates the team's experimental setup.Pots containing seedlings of three different tree species were set up and grown under natural conditions for three years;two of the three species formed ectomycorrhizae (Douglas fir,birch) and the other (cedar) formed arbuscular mycorrhizae.For the experiment,the researchers placed airtight bags over the Douglas fir and birch seedlings;into each bag,they injected either carbon dioxide made from carbon-13 or carbon-14 (¹³CO₂ and ¹⁴CO₂,isotopes of carbon) .As the seedlings photosynthesized,the radioactive carbon dioxide was converted into radioactively labeled sugars that could be tracked and measured by the researchers.
Figure 31.2

Figure 31.3

-Refer to Figure 31.2.Which of the following results would support Simard et al.'s (1997) hypothesis that fungi can move carbon from one plant to another? Hypothesis:
Sugars made by one plant during photosynthesis can travel through a mycorrhizal fungus and be incorporated into the tissues of another plant.

• A)Carbon-14 is found in the birch seedling's tissues and carbon-13 in the Douglas fir.
• B)Carbon-14 is found in the Douglas fir seedling's tissues and carbon-13 in the birch.
• C)Either carbon-13 or carbon-14 is found in the fungal tissues.
• D)Either carbon-13 or carbon-14 is found in the cedar seedling's tissues.

Distinguish between normative and informational influences on behavior and attitudes.

Understand ethical arguments and views regarding the value and purpose of life.

Comprehend the ethical frameworks and theories applied in medical and health-related contexts.

Analyze the role of autonomy, consent, and paternalism in healthcare decisions.

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Definitions:

John Greenleaf Whittier

An American Quaker poet and advocate for the abolition of slavery in the United States, known for his deep moral convictions and influence on the abolitionist movement.

Abby Kelley

An influential American abolitionist, social reformer, and women's rights advocate known for her radical stance on anti-slavery and gender equality in the 19th century.

Declaration Of Sentiments

A text underwritten during the premiere convention for women's rights in 1848, located in Seneca Falls, New York, detailing the entitlements that should be granted to American women as citizens.

Moral Standards

Principles that govern behavior, distinguishing between what is right and wrong based on cultural, religious, philosophical, or societal norms.