Use the Following Information When Answering the Corresponding Question(s)

question 62

Multiple Choice

Use the following information when answering the corresponding question(s) .
Some plants have continually produced secondary defense compounds.Other plants are induced to form secondary defense compounds when they are injured.Corn seedling leaves that are chewed on by the caterpillars of a type of cutworm moth emit immediate volatile chemicals (LOX products) ,and after 6 hours large amounts of terpenoid compounds are released into the air.The terpenoids are released not only from the leaf being chewed,but from all leaves of the plant.The terpenoid compounds attract a parasitoid wasp female that lays her eggs on the caterpillar.When the wasp larvae hatch,they eat and kill the moth caterpillar.(T.C.J.Turlings,J.H.Loughrin,P.J.McCall,U.S.R.Rose,W.J.Lewis,and J.H.Tumlinson.1995.How caterpillar-damaged plants protect themselves by attracting parasitic wasps.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 92:4169-74. )
-Refer to the paragraph on how caterpillar-damaged plants protect themselves by attracting parasitic wasps.How could you test the hypothesis that caterpillar saliva and a wound are both necessary to attract the parasitoid wasps?

• A)Slash the corn leaves with a razor blade.
• B)Put caterpillar saliva on a leaf wound.
• C)Put caterpillar saliva on an intact leaf.
• D)All of the above actions are necessary for testing the hypothesis.

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Definitions:

Observing Others' Behavior

The process of watching the actions and reactions of individuals or groups in order to learn and understand social norms, skills, or information.

Punishment

An action that is taken to reduce the likelihood of a behavior recurring by applying an adverse stimulus or removing a positive stimulus following the behavior.

Reinforcement

In psychology, a process by which a stimulus or event strengthens or increases the probability of a response or behavior it follows.

Observational Learning

Learning that occurs through observing the behavior and outcomes of others' actions rather than through direct experience.