How Does Ion Composition of Pre-Urine Differ from Hemolymph

question 35

Multiple Choice

How does ion composition of pre-urine differ from hemolymph?

• A)Pre-urine is significantly higher in osmolarity (especially with respect to Na⁺ and K⁺).
• B)Hemolymph is higher in osmolarity,conserving its Cl⁻.
• C)Pre-urine is similar to hemolymph in ion composition.
• D)The protein pumps and channels of the Malpighian tubules concentrate Cl⁻ in the pre-urine.

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Break-Even Volume

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Break-Even Point

The point at which total costs equal total revenue, meaning there is no profit or loss.

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