Cronyism Is Acceptable in Some Countries and Is Often Confused

question 44

Multiple Choice

Cronyism is acceptable in some countries and is often confused with corruption. Cronyism is generally found in social networks characterised by:

• A) simple relationships where direct exchange is the norm.
• B) complex relationships where legal agreements are used to confirm the arrangement.
• C) many businesses and organisations enjoying a transparent and open business relationship.
• D) complex, indirect and mutually reinforcing social exchanges.
• E) complex relationships with high government intervention.

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Definitions:

Hyperconjugation

A stabilizing interaction that involves the delocalization of electrons by the overlap of σ orbitals with an adjacent π orbital or a vacant p orbital.

Carbenes

Reactive molecules featuring a divalent carbon atom with only six electrons in its valence shell, making them highly reactive.

Dimerize

To undergo a chemical reaction connecting two identical molecules to form a dimer.

Alkane

Saturated hydrocarbons consisting entirely of single-bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms, with a general formula of CnH2n+2.