Comparing a Progressive Tax with a Lump-Sum Tax,which One Is

question 140

Essay

Comparing a progressive tax with a lump-sum tax,which one is more efficient and which one is more fair,and why

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Definitions:

Risky Investment

An investment that carries a higher probability of losing money, alongside the possibility of yielding high returns.

Risk-free Investment

An investment that is considered to have no risk of financial loss, often represented by government bonds in stable countries.

Beta

Beta is a measure of a stock's volatility in relation to the overall market; a beta greater than 1 indicates that the stock is more volatile than the market, while a beta less than 1 suggests it is less volatile.

Expected Return

The weighted average of all possible returns for a given investment, accounting for the likelihood of each outcome.