The Current Social Security System Works to the Disadvantage of Blacks

question 161

Multiple Choice

The current Social Security system works to the disadvantage of blacks primarily because the

• A) average annual earnings of blacks are generally lower than other groups.
• B) average life expectancy of blacks is generally less than other groups.
• C) Social Security tax rates imposed on blacks are higher than those imposed on other groups.
• D) Social Security benefit formula is disadvantageous to blacks.

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Definitions:

Managerial Subsystem

A component of an organization that focuses on administrative and decision-making functions, essential for directing the organization towards its goals.

Traditional Organizational Theory

An approach to organizational management that emphasizes hierarchy, fixed duties, and a top-down flow of information and orders.

Delegated Authority

The transfer of authority from one individual to another, enabling the latter to make decisions within certain boundaries.

Boundary-Spanning Job

A boundary-spanning job involves roles that require an individual to maintain relationships, communication, and coordination between their organization and its external environment or different internal groups.