Why Were the Portuguese Not Able to Maintain a Spice

question 16

Essay

Why were the Portuguese not able to maintain a spice monopoly or significant imperial holdings in Southeast Asia, given their initial success? Explain how they were displaced and succeeded by competing forces from Europe.​

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Definitions:

Independent Populations

Populations that have no interaction or relationship with each other, allowing for comparisons without interference.

Means

The average of a set of numbers, calculated by dividing the sum of all the values by the count of the values.

Equal-variances Test

A statistical test used to check if two populations have equal variances.

Student T-distributed

The Student's t-distribution is a probability distribution that is symmetric and bell-shaped, used especially in small sample sizes for estimating population parameters.