The External Costs of Cigarettes Are Related to the Health

question 45

Multiple Choice

The external costs of cigarettes are related to the health problem smoking produces for both smokers and nonsmokers.One estimate places these costs at 29 cents per pack.Presently, sales and excise taxes on cigarettes average about 37 cents per pack.These estimates suggest that (i) cigarette consumption is below the optimal or efficient quantity; (ii) cigarette taxes should be reduced.

• A)i and ii
• B)i but not ii
• C)ii but not i
• D)neither i nor ii

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Definitions:

Environmental Threats

Dangers originating from the surrounding environment that can potentially cause harm to living organisms or ecological systems.

Introspection

Inspecting or watching one's personal thought and emotional patterns.

Cognitive Processes

Cognitive processes are the mental functions or operations by which individuals acquire, process, store, and retrieve information, including perception, memory, and reasoning.

Ecological Validity

The extent to which research findings accurately represent real-world settings.