Oxygen,with an Atomic Number of 8,is a Neutral Atom and Would

question 49

Multiple Choice

Oxygen,with an atomic number of 8,is a neutral atom and would have ________ electrons in the first electron shell and ________ electrons in the second electron shell.

• A)1; 7
• B)5; 3
• C)4; 4
• D)2; 6
• E)3; 5

Identify examples of the founder effect in various populations.

Distinguish between somatic and germline mutations and their implications for evolution.

Explain the concept and examples of nonrandom mating.

Define and differentiate between microevolution and macroevolution.

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Definitions:

Economies of Scale

Cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to the scale of their operations, leading to a reduction in average costs per unit as output increases.

Decreasing Marginal Product

A principle where each additional unit of input results in a smaller increase in output, after a certain point, indicating declining efficiency.

Total Cost Curve

A graphical representation that illustrates how the total cost of producing a good changes in relation to the quantity produced, considering both fixed and variable costs.

Diseconomies of Scale

Diseconomies of scale occur when a firm or business grows so large that the costs per unit increase, leading to inefficiency and higher production costs.