Since Deming First Proposed His 14 Points for Improving Productivity

question 12

Multiple Choice

Since Deming first proposed his 14 points for improving productivity, his prescriptions have ________.

• A)been largely discredited
• B)fallen into disuse
• C)been confirmed repeatedly
• D)been confirmed for U.S. workers only

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Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

A learning procedure where two stimuli are constantly paired; initially, the second stimulus elicits a response which eventually is elicited by the first stimulus alone.

Vicarious Reinforcement

A process in behavioral psychology where individuals learn through the consequences of actions observed in others, rather than through direct experience.

Shaping

A method of operant conditioning by which successive approximations towards a desired behavior are reinforced.

Operant Conditioning

A learning technique that uses incentives and penalties to influence behavior, thereby affecting the probability of its recurrence.