Briefly Summarize the Empirical Literature on the Long-Run Costs Typically

question 54

Essay

Briefly summarize the empirical literature on the long-run costs typically incurred by firms in a variety of industries.In particular,is there reason to believe that firms' long-run cost curves assume the typical U-shape? Why or why not?

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Definitions:

Contribution Margin

The difference between the sales revenue and variable costs of a product, indicating how much contributes to covering fixed costs and earning profit.

Contribution Margin

The residual amount from sales income following the deduction of variable expenses, allocated for covering fixed costs and producing profit.

Variable Costs

Expenses that vary in relation to the amount of production or business activity.

Fixed Costs

Costs that do not change with the level of output produced, such as rent and salaries.