In Expectancy Theory, Valence Refers to the

question 57

Multiple Choice

In expectancy theory, valence refers to the

• A)anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels towards an outcome.
• B)individual's perceived probability that his or her performance will lead to specific outcomes.
• C)amount of effort a person puts towards a known goal.
• D)individual's perceived probability of performing the task at a particular level.
• E)feelings that result from a comparison of the individual's outcome/input ratio with the outcome/input ratio of a comparison other.

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Definitions:

Negative Punishment

The removal of a stimulus to decrease the probability that a behavior will recur.

Positive Punishment

Adding an unpleasant stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's occurrence.

Negative Reinforcement

involves the removal of an unfavorable event or outcome after the display of a behavior, which in turn increases the likelihood of that behavior in the future.

Positive Reinforcement

The addition of a stimulus to increase the probability that a behavior will be repeated.