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In the Keynesian cross diagram,a decrease in investment spending because companies become more pessimistic about investment profitability causes the aggregate demand function to shift ________ and the equilibrium level of aggregate output to ________,everything else held constant.
Allocative Efficiency
A state of resource allocation where goods and services are distributed according to consumer preferences, maximizing overall societal welfare.
Productive Efficiency
A situation where a firm or economy produces output at the lowest possible cost, using all its resources efficiently.
Pure Competition
A market structure characterized by a large number of small firms, a homogenous product, and very easy entry and exit from the market.
Spillovers
Effects of an economic activity that impact third parties who are not directly involved in the activity, potentially leading to externalities.
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