Morgana Was Once Frightened by Big, Barking Dogs, Which Now

question 199

Multiple Choice

Morgana was once frightened by big, barking dogs, which now causes her to cry when she sees a dog. After visiting a friend's house where both a dog and a cat live, Morgana is now afraid of cats. In this example, the conditioned stimulus is

• A) crying at seeing a cat.
• B) the cat
• C) the dog.
• D) crying at hearing a dog.

---

Definitions:

Symbolic Form

The expression or representation of ideas or concepts through symbols or symbolic actions.

Self-defeating Thought

A negative, often irrational belief about oneself that undermines one’s success or happiness by promoting pessimism, self-doubt, or self-sabotage.

Meeting

An assembly of people for a specific purpose, such as discussion or decision-making.

Context Reframing

A technique in therapy and communication that involves changing the context or perspective of a thought or situation to see it in a more positive or manageable light.