The Coupling of Data with the Software Programs That Manipulate

question 52

True/False

The coupling of data with the software programs that manipulate the data,such that changes in programs requires changes to the data,is called program-data dependence.

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Definitions:

Critical Value

A point on the scale of the test statistic beyond which we reject the null hypothesis; it is used to determine the cutoff at which the test statistic is considered extreme.

P-value

The probability of observing test results as extreme as the results actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is true.

Level of Significance

The criterion used in statistical testing to decide whether to reject the null hypothesis, typically expressed as a probability threshold such as 0.05 or 0.01.

Average Incomes

A metric that calculates the mean income of a group of individuals, typically used for economic assessments.