________ Is a Systems View in Which One Seeks to Optimize

question 18

Multiple Choice

________ is a systems view in which one seeks to optimize the total materials cycle from virgin material, to finished material, to component, to product, to obsolete product, and to ultimate disposal.

• A)Industrial engineering
• B)Ecological succession
• C)Ecological shadow
• D)Industrial ecology

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Definitions:

Trophic Levels

Refers to the hierarchical levels in an ecosystem, categorized by how energy is obtained, ranging from producers to primary consumers and up to apex predators.

Carnivore

An animal that mainly feeds on other animals; a mammal belonging to order Carnivora (e.g., wolves or seals).

Photosynthetic Organisms

Organisms capable of photosynthesis, a process that converts light energy into chemical energy, sustaining the food chain.

Autotroph

An organism that synthesizes complex organic compounds from simple inorganic raw materials; also called producer or primary producer. Compare with heterotroph. See chemoautotroph and photoautotroph.