Most Lightning Discharges

question 109

Multiple Choice

Most lightning discharges

• A)originate in a cloud and travel toward the ground.
• B)originate at the ground and travel toward a cloud.
• C)occur within clouds.
• D)originate within the ionosphere and travel to the ground.

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Definitions:

Phosphate Ions

Inorganic chemical species consisting of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms, carrying a negative charge.

Chloroplast Membrane

The envelope surrounding a chloroplast, consisting of an inner and an outer lipid bilayer, that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the chloroplast.

Calvin-Benson Cycle

A series of biochemical reactions taking place in the chloroplasts of photosynthetic organisms, crucial for converting carbon dioxide and water into glucose, using sunlight energy.

NADPH

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, a coenzyme involved in reductive metabolic processes, providing the reducing power in cellular biochemical reactions.