Which Set Contains a Discrepant Element

question 77

Multiple Choice

Which set contains a discrepant element?

• A){voluntary behavior, operant conditioning, associations between stimuli}
• B){associations between behavior and consequences, voluntary behavior, operant conditioning}
• C){Pavlovian conditioning, classical conditioning, associations between stimuli}
• D){associations between stimuli, involuntary behavior, Pavlovian conditioning}

---

Definitions:

Nondepressed Participants

Individuals who do not exhibit symptoms of depression and are often used as a control group in psychological research.

Depressed Participants

Individuals involved in a study or research who exhibit symptoms of depression, including persistent sadness, lack of interest in activities, and possible physical symptoms affecting their participation.

General Memory Abilities

The overall capacity of an individual to store, retain, and recall information and past experiences.

General Aggression Model

A comprehensive framework for understanding the causes, mechanisms, and expressions of aggression.