A Few Decades Ago, Knudsen and Colleagues Proposed a Theory

question 26

Multiple Choice

A few decades ago, Knudsen and colleagues proposed a theory that, for a normal cell to become a cancer cell, a minimum of two genetic changes had to occur in that cell. Knudsen was studying retinoblastoma, a childhood cancer of the eye.
-In colorectal cancer, several genes must be mutated in order to make a cell a cancer cell, supporting Knudsen's hypothesis. Which of the following kinds of genes would you expect to be mutated?

• A) genes coding for enzymes that act in the colon
• B) genes involved in control of the cell cycle
• C) genes that are especially susceptible to mutation
• D) the same genes that Knudsen identified as associated with retinoblastoma
• E) the genes of the bacteria that are abundant in the colon

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Definitions:

Strategic Decisions

High-level, directional choices made by an organization to achieve long-term objectives and secure competitive advantage.

BCG Matrix

The BCG Matrix is a strategic planning tool that helps organizations evaluate their product portfolio based on market growth and market share, categorizing them into four quadrants.

Cash Cows

Business units or products that generate significant cash flows with little investment, typically in a mature stage of their lifecycle.

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The portion of a market controlled by a particular company or product, reflecting the company's competitiveness. Rephrased.