The Difference Between Vertical and Horizontal Transmission of Plant Viruses

question 15

Multiple Choice

The difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses is that

• A) vertical transmission is transmission of a virus from a parent plant to its progeny, and horizontal transmission is one plant spreading the virus to another plant.
• B) vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from upper leaves to lower leaves of the plant, and horizontal transmission is the spread of a virus among leaves at the same general level.
• C) vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from trees and tall plants to bushes and other smaller plants, and horizontal transmission is the spread of viruses among plants of similar size.
• D) vertical transmission is the transfer of DNA from one type of plant virus to another, and horizontal transmission is the exchange of DNA between two plant viruses of the same type.
• E) vertical transmission is the transfer of DNA from a plant of one species to a plant of a different species, and horizontal transmission is the spread of viruses among plants of the same species.

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Definitions:

Current Ratio

A liquidity ratio that measures a company's ability to pay off its short-term liabilities with its short-term assets.

Acid-Test Ratio

A financial metric comparing a company's most liquid assets (excluding inventory) to its current liabilities, used to assess short-term solvency.

Marketable Securities

These are liquid financial instruments that can easily be converted into cash at their current value in the financial markets.

Selling And Administrative Expenses

Expenses related to the selling of products and the management of the business, not directly tied to manufacturing.