The Following Questions Refer to the Evolutionary Tree in Figure

question 32

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to the evolutionary tree in Figure 22.2.
The tree's horizontal axis is a timeline that extends from 100,000 years ago to the present; the vertical axis represents nothing in particular. The labeled branch points on the tree (V-Z) represent various common ancestors. Let's say that only since 50,000 years ago has there been enough variation between the lineages depicted here to separate them into distinct species, and only the tips of the lineages on this tree represent distinct species.


-Which statement best describes the evolution of pesticide resistance in a population of insects?

• A)Individual members of the population slowly adapt to the presence of the chemical by striving to meet the new challenge.
• B)All insects exposed to the insecticide begin to use a formerly silent gene to make a new enzyme that breaks down the insecticide molecules.
• C)Insects observe the behavior of other insects that survive pesticide application, and adjust their own behaviors to copy those of the survivors.
• D)Offspring of insects that are genetically resistant to the pesticide become more abundant as the susceptible insects die off.

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Definitions:

Dopamine

A neurotransmitter that plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior, as well as movement and emotional responses.

Reticular Formation

A network of neurons located in the brainstem involved in regulating arousal, consciousness, and the sleep-wake cycle.

White Noise

A consistent background noise that masks other sounds, often used to aid concentration or sleep.

Medulla

The base section of the brainstem involved in automatic functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.