The Following Questions Are Based on the Observation That Several

question 5

Multiple Choice

The following questions are based on the observation that several dozen different proteins comprise the prokaryotic flagellum and its attachment to the prokaryotic cell, producing a highly complex structure.
-In the 5-7 million years that the hominid lineage has been diverging from its common ancestor with the great apes, dozens of hominid species have arisen, often with several species coexisting in time and space. As recently as 30,000 years ago, Homo sapiens coexisted with Homo neanderthalensis. Both species had large brains and advanced intellects. The fact that these traits were common to both species is most easily explained by which of the following?

• A)species selection
• B)uniformitarianism
• C)sexual selection
• D)A and B only
• E)A, B, and C

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A type of operant conditioning that strengthens a behavior by removing an unpleasant stimulus when the behavior occurs.

Tertiary Reinforcement

A form of reinforcement where a stimulus gains its reinforcing power through association with a secondary reinforcer, rather than satisfying a basic biological need.

Secondary Reinforcement

A process where a stimulus reinforces a behavior because it is paired with a primary reinforcer.

Positive Reinforcement

A method in behavior modification that involves the addition of a rewarding stimulus following a desired behavior, encouraging its recurrence.