The Following Questions Refer to the Description Below

question 44

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to the description below.
All animals with eyes or eyespots that have been studied so far share a gene in common. When mutated, the gene Pax-6 causes lack of eyes in fruit flies, tiny eyes in mice, and missing irises (and other eye parts) in humans. The sequence of Pax-6 in humans and mice is identical. There are so few sequence differences with fruit fly Pax-6 that the human/mouse version can cause eye formation in eyeless fruit flies, even though vertebrates and invertebrates last shared a common ancestor more than 500 million years ago.
-Fruit fly eyes are of the compound type, structurally very different from the camera-type eyes of mammals. Even the camera-type eyes of mollusks, such as octopi, are structurally quite different from those of mammals. Yet, fruit flies, octopi, and mammals possess very similar versions of Pax-6. The fact that the same gene helps produce very different types of eyes is most likely due to

• A)the few differences in nucleotide sequence among the Pax-6 genes of these organisms.
• B)variations in the number of Pax-6 genes among these organisms.
• C)the independent evolution of this gene at many different times during animal evolution.
• D)differences in the control of Pax-6 expression among these organisms.

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Definitions:

Political Tactic

Strategies or maneuvers used to gain advantage or support within an organizational, social, or political context, often involving subtle, indirect, or manipulative actions.

Great Caution

The act of being extremely careful and deliberate in actions or decisions to avoid risk or mistakes.

Political Performance Appraisals

The evaluation of an employee's job performance influenced by internal organizational politics and relationships rather than solely on merit.

Organizational Processes

The structured set of activities and tasks that are carried out by an organization to achieve its objectives.