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The Following Questions Refer to the Description and Figure Below

question 54

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to the description and figure below.
The figure represents a cross section of the sea floor through a mid-ocean rift valley, with alternating patches of black and white indicating sea floor with reversed magnetic polarities. At the arrow labeled "I" (the rift valley) , the igneous rock of the sea floor is so young that it can be accurately dated using carbon-14 dating. At the arrow labeled "III," however, the igneous rock is about 1 million years old, and potassium-40 dating is typically used to date such rocks. NOTE: the dashed horizontal arrows indicate the direction of sea-floor spreading, away from the rift valley.
Figure 25.1
-If a fossil is encased in a stratum of sedimentary rock without any strata of igneous rock (e.g., lava, volcanic ash) nearby, then it should be

Definitions:

Sample Mean

The average value of a set of numbers in a sample taken from a larger population. It is used to estimate the population mean.

Population Average

The population average is the mean value of a particular characteristic for the entire population, providing a central tendency measure of that characteristic.

Standard Error

The standard deviation of the sampling distribution of a statistic, most commonly of the mean.

Effect Size

A quantitative measure of the magnitude of a phenomenon, indicating the size of an effect or difference in a statistical model.