Refer to the Following Information to Answer the Questions Below

question 25

Multiple Choice

Refer to the following information to answer the questions below.
Fossils of Lystrosaurus, a dicynodont therapsid, are most common in parts of modern-day South America, South Africa, Madagascar, India, South Australia, and Antarctica. It apparently lived in arid regions, and was mostly herbivorous. It originated during the mid-Permian period, survived the Permian extinction, and dwindled by the late Triassic, though there is evidence of a relict population in Australia during the Cretaceous. The dicynodonts had two large tusks, extending down from their upper jaws; the tusks were not used for food gathering, and in some species were limited to males. Food was gathered using an otherwise toothless beak. Judging from the fossil record, these pig-sized organisms were the most common mammal-like reptiles of the Permian.
-The observation that tusks were limited to males in several species, and were apparently not used in food-gathering, is evidence that the tusks probably

• A)were used by males during the sex act.
• B)served as heat-dissipation structures.
• C)are homologous to claws.
• D)were insignificant to the survival and/or reproduction of dicynodonts.
• E)were maintained as the result of sexual selection.

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Definitions:

Instinctive Drift

The tendency of an animal to revert to instinctive behaviors that interfere with a conditioned response.

Instinctive Learning

The process by which innate behaviors are triggered by environmental stimuli without the need for previous experience or learning.

Conceptualization

The process of defining and clarifying ideas or concepts to make them understandable.

Observational Learning

A learning process where individuals learn new behaviors or information by watching others.