Which of These, If True, Would Support the Claim That

question 13

Multiple Choice

Which of these, if True, would support the claim that the ancestral cnidarians had bilateral symmetry?
1) Cnidarian larvae possess anterior-posterior, left-right, and dorsal-ventral aspects.
2) Cnidarians have fewer Hox genes than bilaterians.
3) All extant cnidarians, including Nematostella, are diploblastic.
4) Beta-catenin turns out to be essential for gastrulation in all animals in which it occurs.
5) All cnidarians are acoelomate.

• A)1 only
• B)1 and 4
• C)2 and 3
• D)2 and 4
• E)4 and 5

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Definitions:

Ionotropic Receptors

These are a type of neurotransmitter receptor that forms an ion channel pore, rapidly changing the ion permeability of the cell membrane upon ligand binding.

Metabotropic Receptors

A type of G protein-coupled receptor in the cell membrane that initiates a cascade of cellular responses when bound to a neurotransmitter.

Synapse Change

Refers to the structural or functional modification of synapses, the junctions between neurons, which underlies learning and memory.

Learning Accommodation

The process by which individuals adjust their cognitive strategies or understanding to incorporate new information.