The Following Questions Refer to the Data Shown Below Figure 421
-Blood Carbon Dioxide Levels Determine the PH of Other

question 20

Multiple Choice

The following questions refer to the data shown below.
Blood entering a capillary bed of a vertebrate was measured for the pressures exerted by various factors.
$$\begin{array} { l c c } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Arterial End of } \\\text { Capillary Bed }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Venous End of } \\\text { Capillary Bed }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Hydrostatic pressure } & 10 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 14 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \\\text { Osmotic pressure } & 26 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 26 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \\\mathrm { PO } _ { 2 } & 100 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 42 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } \\\mathrm { PCO } _ { 2 } & 40 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg } & 46 \mathrm {~mm} \mathrm { Hg }\end{array}$$
Figure 42.1
-Blood carbon dioxide levels determine the pH of other body fluids as well as blood, including the pH of cerebrospinal fluid. How does this enable the organism to control breathing?

• A)The brain directly measures and monitors carbon dioxide and causes breathing changes accordingly.
• B)The medulla, which is in contact with cerebrospinal fluid, monitors pH and uses this measure to control breathing.
• C)The brain alters the pH of the cerebrospinal fluid to force the animal to retain more or less carbon dioxide.
• D)Stretch receptors in the lungs cause the medulla to speed up or slow breathing.
• E)The medulla is able to control the concentration of bicarbonate ions in the blood.

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