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By Using Electrical Stimulation, Reward (Or Pleasure Centers)and Punishment (Or

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By using electrical stimulation, reward (or pleasure centers) and punishment (or "aversive" areas) can be shown to exist in the


Definitions:

Monosaccharides

The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of a single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose.

Enediol Rearrangement

A chemical rearrangement involving the migration of double bonds along with hydrogen atoms, often seen in carbohydrate chemistry.

Epimerization

A chemical process that results in the conversion of one epimer to another, typically involving the inversion of stereochemistry at a single chiral center.

D-Glyceraldehyde

An important intermediate in cellular metabolism, this simple sugar molecule is one of the smallest and simplest forms of aldose.

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