Which of the Following Represent Criteria for Causality

question 5

Multiple Choice

Which of the following represent criteria for causality?

• A)there is a correlation between the cause and the effect
• B)the effect precedes the cause in time
• C)the change in the effect is caused by some third variable
• D)cause in social science is not probabilistic

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Definitions:

Standard Deduction

A set amount deducted from taxable income that reduces the amount of income subject to tax, available to all taxpayers who do not itemize deductions.

AMT Purposes

Relates to calculations and exceptions specific to the Alternative Minimum Tax, aiming to prevent high-income taxpayers from avoiding substantial tax payments.

Personal Exemptions

A tax deduction allowed by the IRS for oneself and dependents, though it was eliminated for tax years 2018 through 2025 by the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act.

AMT Adjustments

Adjustments required for calculating the Alternative Minimum Tax, an alternative tax system designed to ensure that certain taxpayers pay at least a minimum amount of tax.