Under a Civil Law System, Judges Can

question 25

Multiple Choice

Under a civil law system, judges can:

• A) only rule on matters lawyers bring them
• B) initiate proceedings on their own
• C) only rule on cases involving businesses
• D) only rule on tort cases
• E) none of the other choices

Analyze the role of government intervention in correcting market failures due to externalities through taxes and subsidies.

Differentiate between private and social costs, and private and social values.

Identify the conditions for social optimality in the presence of externalities.

Calculate the optimal level of subsidy or tax required to achieve social optimality.

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Definitions:

Classical Conditioning

A learning process that occurs when two stimuli are repeatedly paired; a response that is at first elicited by the second stimulus is eventually elicited by the first stimulus alone.

Stimulus-Response Association

The link established between a specific stimulus and a particular response through conditioning.

Extinction

In behavioral psychology, the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned response, typically as a result of the withdrawal of reinforcement.

Generalization

A concept in psychology and logic that involves the process of extracting common characteristics from specific examples and applying them to broader contexts.