Considering the Pathophysiology of Osteoporosis, What Are the Effects of Extracellular

question 40

Multiple Choice

Considering the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, what are the effects of extracellular signal regulated kinases (ERKs) and receptor activator of RANKL on osteoblasts and osteoclasts?

• A)ERKs increase the life span of osteoclasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoblasts.
• B)ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoclasts and decrease the life span of osteoblasts.
• C)ERKs and RANKL increase the life span of osteoblasts and decrease the life span of osteoclasts.
• D)ERKs increase the life span of osteoblasts and RANKL decreases the life span of osteoclasts.

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Passive Losses

Financial losses occurring from income-generating activities in which the taxpayer does not materially participate, often subject to specific tax rules.

At-Risk Rules

Tax regulations that limit the amount of deductible losses from certain types of investments to the amount the taxpayer has at risk.

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Financial losses in activities in which the taxpayer does not materially participate, with limitations on their use to offset other income.

Passive Losses

Financial losses from activities in which the taxpayer does not materially participate, such as rental property.