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Which of the Following Factors Does NOT Have a Strong

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Which of the following factors does NOT have a strong link to life expectancy?

Describe the phenomenon of learned helplessness and its effects on behavior.
Understand the implications of classical and operant conditioning principles in real-world settings, such as education, therapy, and work environments.
Understand how secondary reinforcers derive their power from association with primary reinforcers.
Recognize examples of conditioned taste aversion and biological preparedness.

Definitions:

Unconditioned Stimulus

An automatic and naturally occurring stimulus that elicits a response without the need for prior learning.

Conditioned Response

A conditioned response is a reaction to a formerly neutral stimulus that, through conditioning, has become linked to an unconditioned stimulus.

Unconditioned Stimulus

A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior conditioning.

Conditioned Stimulus

An initially neutral signal that, through association with an unconditioned stimulus, eventually elicits a conditioned response.

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