Three of the Following Statements Below Are Part of the Definition

question 118

Multiple Choice

Three of the following statements below are part of the definition of a cause-and-effect relationship. One is not. Which one is not?

• A) Both variables must be shown to be independent.
• B) The independent variable must come before the dependent variable in time.
• C) The two variables must display correlation.
• D) There must be no evidence that the correlation is spurious.

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Definitions:

Ecological Footprint

A measure of how much land and water area a human population requires to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its wastes, using prevailing technology.

Earth's Surface

The outermost layer of the Earth that includes both land and water bodies.

Demographic Transition

A model that describes the transformation of countries from having high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates as part of economic development.

Carrying Capacity

The maximum population size of a species that an environment can sustain indefinitely, given the food, habitat, water, and other resources available.