Enlightenment Thinkers Such as Isaac Newton Stressed the

question 35

Multiple Choice

Enlightenment thinkers such as Isaac Newton stressed the

• A) value of traditional religion.
• B) virtue of divine right monarchy.
• C) ability of reason to discover the laws of the universe.
• D) superiority of art over science.
• E) presence of God in nature.

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Definitions:

Anticipatory Contrast

The long-lasting change in response due to an anticipated change in the reinforcement contingency.

Generalization of Inhibition

Generalization of inhibition occurs when an organism learns to suppress a response not only to the conditioned stimulus but also to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus, demonstrating a broadening of inhibitory control.

Generalization Gradient

A graph that shows the strength of responding in the presence of stimuli that vary in similarity to the conditioned stimulus; typically, responses diminish as stimuli become less similar.

Hull-Spence Model

A theory of learning that integrates drive reduction and incentive motivation, proposing that a combination of stimuli and past reinforcements can predict behavior.