Which Process Is Likely Guiding Primary Succession in an Ecosystem

question 45

Multiple Choice

Which process is likely guiding primary succession in an ecosystem where,over a period of years,bare rock was colonized by lichens that gave way to moss that in turn gave way to ferns? 

• A) tolerance 
• B) facilitation 
• C) inhibition 
• D) interspecific competition

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Definitions:

Negative Reinforcement

A process in behavioral psychology where a response is strengthened because it is followed by the removal of an unpleasant stimulus.

Punishment

A method of behavior modification that involves the application of undesirable consequences in order to reduce the occurrence of a particular behavior.

Operant Conditioning

An approach to learning in which the vigor of an activity is shaped by positive reinforcement or disciplinary measures.

Classical Conditioning

A conditioning approach where two stimuli are systematically associated; a reaction first elicited by the second stimulus, over time, becomes elicited by the first stimulus.