Uniformed Officers Are Driving a Marked Car into an Area

question 95

Multiple Choice

Uniformed officers are driving a marked car into an area known for heavy drug trafficking, intending to investigate drug activity and anticipating encountering drug customers and lookouts. One officer sees the suspect standing next to a building and holding an opaque bag. The suspect looks in the direction of the officers and flees. The officers turn their car, watch the suspect run through an alley, and eventually corner him on the street. One officer leaves the car, stops the defendant, and conducts a frisk of the defendant, discovering a concealed handgun.
-Which of the following facts cannot be used to provide justification for the stop?

• A) It was an area known for heavy drug trafficking.
• B) The suspect was standing next to a building holding an opaque bag.
• C) The suspect's unprovoked flight upon seeing the officers.
• D) Discovery of the concealed handgun.

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Definitions:

Literacy Test

Historically, a test administered to potential voters to assess their literacy and understanding of civic topics as a condition for voting, often used to disenfranchise racial and ethnic minorities.

Non-Freeholders

Individuals who do not own land, often excluded from certain rights or privileges in historical contexts, such as voting.