Pursuant to the Mandates of the Plain Text of the Constitution

question 78

Multiple Choice

Pursuant to the mandates of the plain text of the Constitution, the Supreme Court held in Katz v. United States (1967, p. 357) , that warrantless searches “are per se unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment subject only to a few specifically established and well-delineated exceptions.” Accordingly, warrants play a very important role in criminal procedure. It might therefore come as a surprise to many people that the majority of searches are conducted without a warrant under one of the recognized exceptions to the warrant requirement.
-One of the exceptions to the warrant requirement involves "exigent circumstances." What is the meaning of "exigent circumstances?"

• A)Police may conduct warrantless searches when granted consent to search by someone with actual or apparent authority to grant such consent.
• B)Police may conduct warrantless searches when incident to a lawful arrest.
• C)Police may conduct warrantless searches when probable cause exists to search a motor vehicle.
• D)Police may conduct warrantless searches when emergency situations make it impracticable for police to seek and obtain a warrant first.

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Definitions:

Earth's Crust

The Earth's crust is the outermost solid shell of the planet, composed of rock, and is the surface upon which we live. It varies in thickness and is thinner under the oceans and thicker under continental land masses.

Quartz

A hard, crystalline mineral composed of silicon and oxygen atoms, widely used in jewelry and as an industrial abrasive.

Feldspar

A group of rock-forming minerals that are among the most abundant minerals in the Earth's crust, used in ceramics and glassmaking.

Oxide Minerals

Minerals composed of oxygen and one or more metals, common in the Earth's crust and important in various geological processes.