Since 2000, the U

question 32

Multiple Choice

Since 2000, the U.S. Supreme Court has raised serious doubts about the constitutionality of many state sentencing guidelines, holding that other than a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the statutory maximum must be tried before a jury (Apprendi v. New Jersey, 2000) . Based on this reasoning, in 2004 the Court struck down sentencing guidelines in the State of Washington, holding that the Sixth Amendment gives juries (and not judges) the power to make a finding of fact beyond a reasonable doubt (Blakely v. Washington, 2004) . The dissenters argued that the decision will serve only to increase judicial discretion and lead to less uniformity in sentencing, perhaps leading to increasing racial discrimination.
-Failure to submit a sentencing factor to a jury is subject to what kind of review?

Definitions:

Hallucinations

Experiences of sensing something while fully conscious and without any actual external input, yet these experiences seem very real.

Ambiguous Figures

Visual images or objects that can be interpreted in more than one way, illustrating the concept of perceptual set.

Illusions

Misinterpretations or distortions of sensory information, leading to perceptions that differ from reality.

Ambiguous Stimuli

Inputs or signals that can be perceived and interpreted in more than one way, often used in psychology to study perception and cognitive processes.