A Few Decades Ago, Knudsen and Colleagues Proposed a Theory

question 39

Multiple Choice

A few decades ago, Knudsen and colleagues proposed a theory that, for a normal cell to become a cancer cell, a minimum of two genetic changes had to occur in that cell. Knudsen was studying retinoblastoma, a childhood cancer of the eye.
-One of the human leukemias, called CML (chronic myelogenous leukemia) , is associated with a chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 in somatic cells of bone marrow. Which of the following allows CML to provide further evidence of this multistep nature of cancer?

• A) CML usually occurs in more elderly persons (late age of onset).
• B) The resulting chromosome 22 is abnormally short; it is then known as the Philadelphia chromosome.
• C) The translocation requires breaks in both chromosomes 9 and 22, followed by fusion between the reciprocal pieces.
• D) CML involves a proto-oncogene known as abl.
• E) CML can usually be treated by chemotherapy.

---

Definitions:

Legal Liability

The legal responsibility to compensate for harm or damage caused by one's actions or failure to act.

Independent Contractor

A person who provides services to another entity under terms specified in a contract, but is not considered an employee of the company.

Office Equipment

Tangible property like desks, chairs, computers, and printers used in an office setting to facilitate work and operations.

Later Transfer

The act of moving or conveying property, rights, or entitlements to another party at a future date.