The Difference Between Vertical and Horizontal Transmission of Plant Viruses

question 15

Multiple Choice

The difference between vertical and horizontal transmission of plant viruses is that

• A) vertical transmission is transmission of a virus from a parent plant to its progeny, and horizontal transmission is one plant spreading the virus to another plant.
• B) vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from upper leaves to lower leaves of the plant, and horizontal transmission is the spread of a virus among leaves at the same general level.
• C) vertical transmission is the spread of viruses from trees and tall plants to bushes and other smaller plants, and horizontal transmission is the spread of viruses among plants of similar size.
• D) vertical transmission is the transfer of DNA from one type of plant virus to another, and horizontal transmission is the exchange of DNA between two plant viruses of the same type.
• E) vertical transmission is the transfer of DNA from a plant of one species to a plant of a different species, and horizontal transmission is the spread of viruses among plants of the same species.

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Definitions:

Alkenes

Hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond, part of the unsaturated hydrocarbons.

Cis-trans Isomers

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the spatial arrangement of certain atoms or groups around a double bond.

Isomeric

Refers to molecules that have the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space.

Hybridization

Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals, which can explain molecule shapes and bonding properties.