The Next Few Questions Refer to the Following Description

question 11

Multiple Choice

The next few questions refer to the following description.
On the volcanic equatorial West African island of Sao Tomé, two species of fruit fly exist. Drosophila yakuba inhabits the island's lowlands, and is also found on the African mainland, located about 320 kilometres away. At higher elevations, and only on Sao Tomé, is found the very closely related Drosophila santomea. The two species can hybridize, though male hybrids are sterile. A hybrid zone exists at middle elevations, though hybrids there are greatly outnumbered by D. santomea. Studies of the two species' nuclear genomes reveal that D. yakuba on the island is more closely related to mainland D. yakuba than to D. santomea (2n = 4 in both species) . Sao Tomé rose from the Atlantic Ocean about 14 million years ago.
-Which of these evolutionary trees represents the situation in the description? (Note: Yakuba (I) represents the island population, and yakuba (M) represents the mainland population.)

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Definitions:

Payoff Matrix

A table that displays the potential outcomes or rewards for different actions taken by players in a strategic game.

Nash Equilibrium

A concept within game theory where no participant can gain by unilaterally changing their strategy if the strategies of the other participants remain unchanged.

Elastic Demand

A situation where the demand for a good or service significantly changes in response to changes in price.

Price Differentials

The differences in the price of the same or similar products in different markets or geographical locations.