The Next Few Questions Refer to the Following Description

question 88

Multiple Choice

The next few questions refer to the following description.
The cycads, a mostly tropical phylum of gymnosperms, evolved about 300 million years ago and were dominant forms during the Age of the Dinosaurs. Though their sperm are flagellated, their ovules are pollinated by beetles. These beetles get nutrition (they eat pollen) and shelter from the microsporophylls. Upon visiting megasporophylls, the beetles transfer pollen to the exposed ovules. In cycads, pollen cones and seed cones are borne on different plants. Cycads synthesize neurotoxins, especially in the seeds, that are effective against most animals, including humans.
-Which feature of cycads makes them similar to many angiosperms?
1) They have exposed ovules.
2) They have flagellated sperm.
3) They are pollinated by animals.

• A) 1 only
• B) 2 only
• C) 3 only
• D) 2 and 3
• E) 1, 2, and 3

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Definitions:

Natural Monopoly

A natural monopoly occurs when a single firm can supply the entire market at a lower cost than could be achieved by multiple firms due to economies of scale.

Economies of Scale

The cost advantages that enterprises obtain due to their scale of operation, with cost per unit of output generally decreasing with increasing scale as fixed costs are spread out over more units of output.

Imperfect Competitors

Firms or entities in a market structure where they have some control over the price of their products, due to lack of perfect competition.

Natural Monopolies

Market situations where due to high fixed costs or unique resources, a single firm can supply a product or service more efficiently than any potential competitor, often resulting in regulation.