Use the Following Information to Answer the Questions Below

question 26

Multiple Choice

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
The most recently discovered phylum in the animal kingdom (1995) is the phylum Cycliophora. It includes three species of tiny organisms that live in large numbers on the outsides of the mouthparts and appendages of lobsters. The feeding stage permanently attaches to the lobster via an adhesive disk, and collects scraps of food from its host's feeding by capturing the scraps in a current created by a ring of cilia. The body is sac-like and has a U-shaped intestine that brings the anus close to the mouth. Cycliophorans are eucoelomate, do not moult (though their host does) , and their embryos undergo spiral cleavage.
-If harbouring large populations of cycliophorans neither helps nor harms their lobster hosts, then cycliophorans can be properly considered to be 1. parasites.
2. mutualists.
3. commensals.
4. symbionts.
5. endosymbionts.

• A)1 and 4
• B)2 and 4
• C)3 and 4
• D)2 and 5
• E)3 and 5

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Definitions:

Increase in Drive

An escalation in a motivational or biological imperative that compels individuals towards certain actions or behaviors.

Decrease in Drive

A reduction in the psychological forces that motivate a person to act towards achieving a goal or satisfying a need.

Mowrer's Theory

is a psychological theory proposed by O.H. Mowrer that outlines the role of two-factor learning in the development of avoidance learning and phobias through classical and operant conditioning.

Primary Emotions

Core emotions present from birth that do not require social learning, including joy, fear, anger, surprise, sadness, and disgust.