The Circulatory System of Bony Fishes, Rays, and Sharks Is

question 46

Multiple Choice

The circulatory system of bony fishes, rays, and sharks is similar to

• A)that of birds, with a four-chambered heart.
• B)the portal systems of mammals, where two capillary beds occur sequentially, without passage of blood through a pumping chamber.
• C)that of reptiles, with one pumping chamber driving blood flow to a gas-exchange organ, and a different pumping chamber driving blood to the rest of the circulation.
• D)that of sponges, in which gas exchange in all cells occurs directly with the external environment.
• E)that of humans, in which there are four pumping chambers to drive blood flow.

Apply chi-square tests to assess independence between two categorical variables.

Report the results of chi-square tests correctly, including significance levels, effect sizes, and critical values.

Understand the purpose and application of the chi-square statistic.

Calculate chi-square statistics for given data.

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