A Common Feature of Action Potentials Is That They

question 5

Multiple Choice

A common feature of action potentials is that they

• A) cause the membrane to hyperpolarize and then depolarize.
• B) can undergo temporal and spatial summation.
• C) are triggered by a depolarization that reaches the threshold.
• D) move at the same speed along all axons.
• E) require the diffusion of Na⁺ and K⁺ through ligand-gated channels to propagate.

Explain the significance of achievement motivation and its impact on behavior.

Recognize the various methods used to measure physiological responses related to emotion and motivation.

Understand the different insanity defense rules such as the M'Naghten rule, Durham rule, irresistible impulse rule, and American Law Institute (ALI) rule.

Analyze the historical changes and reforms in the insanity defense, including shifts away from certain defenses and the adoption of new standards.

---

Definitions:

Fiedler's Contingency Model

A leadership theory proposing that effective group performance depends on the proper match between a leader's style of interacting with subordinates and the degree to which the situation gives control and influence to the leader.

Least-preferred Co-worker

The least-preferred co-worker is a term from Fiedler's contingency theory, referring to the person a leader has least preferred to work with, used to measure the leader's task or relationship orientation.

Leadership Style

The approach and manner in which a leader directs, motivates, guides, and manages groups of people, influencing how they achieve objectives and shape organizational culture.

Fiedler's Contingency Model

A theory proposing that effective leadership depends on the situational context and the match between the leader’s style and specific situational variables.